Apparatus, systems and methods for proper transesophageal echocardiography probe positioning by using camera for ultrasound imaging

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, a method includes releasably attaching an image capture assembly to a distal portion of a TEE device. Next, the TEE device coupled to the image capture assembly is inserted into an oral cavity of the patient. With the image capture assembly releasably attached to the distal portion of the TEE device, image data of an esophagus of the patient captured by the image capture assembly is displayed. While viewing the display of image data, the TEE device coupled to the image capture assembly can be moved within the esophagus. With both the TEE device and the image capture assembly disposed within the esophagus, the image capture assembly is detached from the TEE device. With the image capture assembly detached from the TEE device, and with the TEE device disposed at least in part within the esophagus, the image capture assembly is removed from the patient.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/834,878, filed Dec. 7, 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/164,538, filed May 25, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No.10,045,758, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/952,289, filed Nov. 25, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,265,046which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 62/084,969, filed Nov. 26, 2014, the contents of each of which areincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

The embodiments described herein relate generally to the field oftransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and more particularly toapparatus, systems, and methods for assisting TEE intubation.

Echocardiography is a common diagnostic procedure that utilizes atransducer to transmit ultrasound waves to, for example, a heart, whichdeflect or rebound off the structures of the heart. A computer convertsthe resulting waves and displays them on a screen to allow an operator(e.g., a cardiologist) to assess cardiac structure and function. Someknown echocardiograms are obtained from a transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) approach. Echocardiograms obtained from the TTE approach, however,are limited to capturing images through the patient's chest wall. Otherknown echocardiograms are obtained from a transesophagealechocardiography (TEE) approach. A TEE approach, similar to the TTEapproach, allows for capturing of images of the heart, however, theimages can be captured from the esophagus rather than through the chestwall. As such, the TEE approach can provide optimal imaging (e.g.,clearer images), for example, of heart valves, assessing for left atrialappendage thrombus, examination of intracardiac tumors, assessment forintracardiac shunting, etc., when compared to the TTE approach.

Known TEE probes include a flexible endoscope with an ultrasoundtransducer at its tip. During the TEE procedure, the probe is insertedinto a patient's mouth and advanced into the esophagus. From theesophageal position, the ultrasound beam does not have to travel throughthe chest wall (as compared to the TTE approach) and therefore offers amuch clearer image of several key heart structures, especially the atriaand valves, that may not be seen as clearly with a TTE. During theprocedure, the cardiologist can rotate the endoscope and examine theheart from different angles.

Further, in known TEE procedures with known TEE devices, an operatorinserts the flexible endoscope blindly, i.e., without seeing where theendoscope is moving within the patient. The procedure is typicallyaccomplished by the operator's feel and experience. Some procedures, duein part to the blind nature of the procedure, result in catastrophiccomplications (e.g., oropharyngeal, esophageal, and/or gastric trauma,perforation, and/or laceration) with high mortality rates. In addition,TEE related complications result in substantial additional cost andadditional days for the patient in an intensive care unit.

Thus, a need exists for improved apparatus, systems, and methods for animage capture device configured to be releasably attached to existingTEE probes for insertion into and placement of the TEE probe within apatient's esophagus, and configured to be released from the TEE probeand removed from the esophagus, leaving the transducer at the end of theTEE probe in the proper position (e.g., within the esophagus) forcapturing images (e.g., of the heart). Allowing an operator to view theesophagus while placing the TEE probe therein helps to solve theproblems resulting from blind intubation. Adding visualization to theTEE procedure can reduce the rate of complications because the operatorcan accurately use imaging to avoid misplacement of the TEE probe andtrauma due in part to varying anatomy. Further, a need exists forproviding such imaging capabilities to existing TEE probe models withoutinterfering with the echocardiogram image capture, without requiringsignificant modifications to existing TEE probe hardware, and withoutadding significant size (e.g., cross-sectional area) to the TEE probe.

SUMMARY

Apparatus, systems, and methods for assisting transesophagealechocardiography (TEE) intubation are described herein. In someembodiments, devices for providing visualization in real-time of a TEEintubation are described herein. Such a device includes an image captureassembly. The image capture assembly is configured to be removablycoupled to an imager head of a transesophageal echocardiographyendoscopic (TEE) device, and inserted into an esophagus of a patientwhen removably coupled to the imager head of the TEE device. Theapparatus further includes a retrieval tension member coupled to theimage capture assembly. The retrieval tension member is configured toextend from the image capture assembly through the esophagus and out thepatient when (1) the image capture assembly is removably coupled to theTEE device, and (2) the TEE device is disposed within a target imaginglocation of the esophagus.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an illustration of a portion of thehuman digestive system.

FIG. 2A is a schematic illustration of a transesophagealechocardiography endoscopic (TEE) device; FIG. 2B is a schematicillustration of a camera assist device (CAD); and FIG. 2C is a schematicillustration of the CAD releasably attached to the TEE device, accordingto an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of assisting TEE intubation,according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a CAD releasablyattached to a portion of a TEE device, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the CAD of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a retrieval tension member of theCAD of FIG. 4, taken along the line A-A.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an image capture assembly of the CADof FIG. 4, taken along the line B-B.

FIGS. 8A-8F are perspective, top, bottom, back, front, and side views,respectively, of the image capture assembly of FIG. 7.

FIGS. 9A-9C are perspective, front, and side views, respectively, of aCAD handle of the CAD of FIG. 4.

FIGS. 10-13 are schematic illustrations of the CAD of FIG. 4 in variousstages of assisting a TEE intubation.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a portion of an image capture assemblyof a CAD releasably attached to a portion of a TEE device, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of the CAD of FIG. 14 attached tothe TEE device of FIG. 14.

FIGS. 16-19 are schematic illustrations of the CAD of FIG. 14 in variousstages of assisting a TEE intubation.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an image capture assembly of a CADreleasably attached to a portion of a TEE device, according to anembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Apparatus, systems, and methods for assisting transesophaegealechocardiography intubation are described herein. In some embodiments,an apparatus includes an image capture assembly. The image captureassembly is configured to be removably coupled to an imager head of atransesophageal echocardiography endoscopic (TEE) device, and insertedinto an esophagus of a patient when removably coupled to the imager headof the TEE device. The apparatus further includes a retrieval tensionmember coupled to the image capture assembly. The retrieval tensionmember is configured to extend from the image capture assembly throughthe esophagus and out the patient when (1) the image capture assembly isremovably coupled to the TEE device, and (2) the TEE device is disposedwithin a target imaging location of the esophagus.

In some embodiments, a method can include releasably attaching an imagecapture assembly to a distal portion of a TEE device. With the imagecapture assembly releasably attached to the distal portion of the TEEdevice, the TEE device coupled to the image capture assembly can beinserted into an oral cavity of the patient. With the image captureassembly releasably attached to the distal portion of the TEE device,image data of an esophagus of the patient captured by the image captureassembly can be displayed. In this manner, an operator of the device canview a real-time representation of the esophagus of the patient (e.g.,to assist in TEE intubation). While viewing the display of image data,the TEE device coupled to the image capture assembly can be moved withinthe esophagus. With both the TEE device and the image capture assemblydisposed within the esophagus, the image capture assembly can bedetached from the TEE device (e.g., detached from an imager head of theTEE device). With the image capture assembly detached from the TEEdevice, and with the TEE device disposed at least in part within theesophagus (e.g., the TEE imager head disposed within the esophagus), theimage capture assembly can be removed from the patient.

As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include pluralreferents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, forexample, the term “a member” is intended to mean a single member or acombination of members, “a material” is intended to mean one or morematerials, or a combination thereof.

As used herein, the words “proximal” and “distal” refer to the directioncloser to and away from, respectively, an operator (e.g., surgeon,physician, nurse, technician, etc.) who would insert the medical deviceinto the patient, with the tip-end (i.e., distal end) of the deviceinserted inside a patient's body first. Thus, for example, the end of aTEE device described herein first inserted inside the patient's bodywould be the distal end, while the opposite end of the TEE device (e.g.,the end of the medical device being manipulated by the operator) wouldbe the proximal end of the device.

The embodiments described herein can be formed or constructed of one ormore biocompatible materials and/or blends thereof. Examples of suitablebiocompatible materials include metals, glasses, ceramics, or polymers.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a portion of a human digestive system, forexample, to provide context to the description of the devices andmethods herein. Said another way, while specific portions of the humandigestive system are shown and described, it is not meant to be anexhaustive discussion of the human digestive system. Rather, pertinentanatomical structures, passageways, etc. are presented by way of exampleto illustrate a use of the devices and methods described herein. Whilethe human digestive system is shown in and described with respect toFIG. 1, the devices and methods described herein can be used in otherportions of a body. As shown in FIG. 1, an upper region of a patient 5includes, inter alia, access to the digestive system via the mouth 21.The digestive system includes the mouth 21, the oral cavity 22, thepharynx 23, the esophagus 24, and the stomach 25. As shown, the mouth 5is in fluid communication with and provides access to the oral cavity22. Distal to and in fluid communication with the oral cavity 22 is thepharynx 23; distal to and in fluid communication with the pharynx 23 isthe esophagus 24; and distal to and in fluid communication with theesophagus 24 is the stomach 25. The heart 26 is located adjacent to theesophagus 24 and above the stomach 25, as shown.

Because the esophagus 24 is located in close proximity to the heart(e.g., upper chambers of the heart), the esophagus 24 provides suitableminimally and/or noninvasive access for a transesophagealechocardiography (TEE) device to be inserted into the esophagus 24(through the mouth 21, oral cavity 22 and pharynx 23) to capture clear,detailed, and unique images of the heart 26 (e.g., the heart chambers,valves, tumors, etc.) and/or other anatomy associated therewith (e.g.,blood vessels connected to the heart), as described in further detailherein. For example, a TEE device can include a transducer at its distalend that is inserted into the esophagus 24 and is configured to sendsound waves to the heart 5 and receive the echoes that bounce back fromthe heart 5. Such echoes can be converted to a suitable visualrepresentation and displayed, for example, on a display device outsideof the patient 5. Compared to standard echocardiograms (e.g.,non-transesophageal, transthoracic), a TEE device can provide clearerimages, for example, of the upper chambers of the heart 26 and thevalves between the upper and lower chambers of the heart 26, therebyproviding more accurate and effective diagnostic data. Further, in someinstances, for example, in which a patient has an abnormally thick chestwall, is overweight, is using a ventilator, or is otherwise affected bysomething that minimizes the effectiveness of a standard echocardiogram,a TEE device can provide the desired images of the heart to assess theheart's structure and/or function, and diagnose any issues associatedtherewith. TEE devices can further be used during and/or in conjunctionwith other procedures, e.g., during a procedure to repair a heart valve.

As discussed in more detail herein, when passing a TEE probe through apatient's esophagus, it is desirable to minimize physical contact withportions of the esophagus and surrounding anatomy to avoid traumathereto. In some embodiments, an apparatus (e.g., a camera assist device(CAD)) can facilitate TEE intubation by providing to the operator (e.g.,a cardiologist) with images in real-time as the TEE probe is insertedinto the patient and/or passed through the esophagus, and in someinstances, the stomach. For example, a CAD can be removably attached toa TEE probe during insertion of the TEE probe into a patient and to adesirable position within the patient to allow an operator to visualizein real-time various anatomies (e.g., esophagus, stomach, and the like)of the patient during the intubation. In this manner, the operator caninsert, maneuver, and/or dispose the TEE probe within the patient whilelimiting and/or preventing undesirable trauma (e.g., oropharyngealtrauma, esophageal trauma, gastric trauma, etc.) and/or relatedcomplications due in part to inserting a probe without visual cues.

Such a releasably attachable CAD can be configured to be compatible withvarious existing TEE probe models without interfering with theechocardiogram image capture, without requiring significantmodifications to existing TEE probe hardware, and without addingsignificant size to the TEE probe.

FIG. 2C is a schematic illustration of a CAD 1200 removably attached toa TEE probe 1100 with both the CAD 1200 and the TEE probe 1100 partiallydisposed inside a patient (e.g., an esophagus of the patient during aTEE intubation), according to an embodiment. FIG. 2A is a schematicillustration of the TEE probe 1100 (separated from the CAD 1200), andFIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of the CAD 1200 (separated from theTEE probe 1100). The CAD 1200 can be configured to be removably attachedto any TEE probe (also referred to herein as “TEE device”) suitable forTEE intubation. The TEE probe 1100 can include a TEE body 1120 having aTEE imager head 1130 coupled to its distal end and a TEE controller 1110coupled to its, opposite, proximal end. The TEE imager head 1130 caninclude an ultrasound transducer (or any other suitable imaging device)configured to capture image data of, for example, a heart of thepatient. For example, with the imager head 1130 disposed within theesophagus of a patient, the imager head 1130 can be configured totransmit ultrasound waves to the heart and receive waves deflectingand/or rebounding therefrom. An image processor (not shown) cantransform the image data (e.g., ultrasound waves) and transmit thetransformed data to a visual display (not shown) outside the patient. Inthis manner, with the TEE imager head 1130 disposed within the patient(e.g., within the esophagus of the patient), an operator (e.g., acardiologist) can view from outside the patient a graphicalrepresentation of the heart and surrounding anatomy inside the patient.

To facilitate such insertion of the TEE imager head 1130, the CAD 1200can be removably coupled to the TEE imager head 1130 prior to and duringthe insertion into and passage through the esophagus of the patient toprovide the operator with real-time images of the passageway andsurrounding anatomy. With access to such real-time images, the operatorcan limit or avoid undesirable and/or inadvertent contact with theesophagus and/or associated anatomy, thereby limiting and/or preventingcomplications, and in extreme circumstances, mortality. Additionally,with such access to real-time images, the operator can easily andrepeatedly locate various regions of interest within the esophagus inwhich to dispose the TEE imager head 1130 for imaging of the heart andother anatomy. As described in more detail herein, after assistance fromthe CAD 1200 in moving the TEE imager head 1130 in the esophagus to atarget region of the esophagus (e.g., a region in which the TEE imagerhead 1130 can send signals to and receive signals from target anatomy,such as the heart), the CAD 1200 can be decoupled and/or removed fromthe TEE imager head 1130. With the CAD 1200 decoupled from the TEEimager head 1130, the CAD 1200 can be withdrawn proximally through theesophagus 24, oral cavity 22, and out the mouth 21 of the patient,leaving the TEE imager head 1130 disposed within the target region ofthe esophagus 24.

As shown in FIG. 2B separated from the TEE probe, the CAD 1200 caninclude an image capture device 1240 configured to capture image datawithin a digestive system of a patient, an illumination device 1230configured to illuminate at least a portion of the digestive system toincrease quality of the image data captured by the image capture device1240, and a coupling member 1250 configured to releasably attach to theTEE imager head 1130 of the TEE device 1100 (the illumination device1230, image capture device 1240, and coupling member 1250 collectivelyreferred to herein as “image capture assembly 1245”). As discussed infurther detail herein, the image capture device 1240 can be configuredto send the image data it captures across a communication line 1220 (seee.g., FIGS. 2B and 2C) extending from the image capture device 1240 to agraphical display device 1210. The graphical display device 1210 can beconfigured to display a graphical representation of the image data,thereby providing an operator of the TEE device 1100 with visual accessin real-time to various portions within the digestive system of thepatient.

The image capture device 1240 can be any suitable component, subsystem,device and/or combination of devices configured to capture image data(e.g., a single image and/or a series of images (a video)). The imagecapture device 1240 can include a sensor and a lens, and can beconfigured to transmit image data captured within the patient to thegraphical display device 1210 disposed outside the patient via thecommunication line 1220. In some instances, the lens can be disposed ata distal end of the image capture assembly 1245. In this manner, theimage capture device 1240 can capture image data immediately distal toand/or immediately downstream of the image capture assembly 1245.Although the sensor and lens are shown and described with respect toFIG. 2B as being collocated, in some instances, the sensor and lens canbe located in any suitable portion of the image capture assembly 1245.For example, in some embodiments, the lens can be located at a distalend of the image capture assembly 1245, while the sensor can be locatedat a proximal end portion or a medial portion of the image captureassembly 1245.

In some instances, the image capture device 1240 can include an imageprocessor (not shown) configured to process the image data such that theimage data can be graphically displayed on the graphical display device1210. In other instances, for example, to allow for a smaller formfactor of the image capture device 1240, processing of the image datacan occur entirely outside the patient and distinct from the imagecapture device 1240. In such instances, the image data can be processed,for example, at an image processor of the graphical display device 1210.In yet further instances, the image data can be processed at an imageprocessor separate from both the graphical display device 1210 and theimage capture device 1240, and the sent to the graphical display device1210 to be displayed. In some instances, the image capture device 1240can include wireless capabilities. For example, in such instances, theimage capture device 1240 can communicate wirelessly with an imageprocessor and/or the graphical display device 1210. In this manner,image data can be transmitted from the image capture device 1240 whendisposed within the patient to outside the patient without any physicalwires.

To enhance the quality of image data captured by the image capturedevice 1240, the CAD 1200 can optionally include an illumination device1230 (as shown in dotted form in FIGS. 2B and 2C). The illuminationdevice 1230 can be configured to illuminate a target area (e.g., withinthe esophagus) in which the image capture device 1240 can capture imagedata. The illumination device 1230 can include any suitable illuminationsource or interface. For example, in some instances, an illuminationdevice 1230 can include a light emitting diode (LED). In some instances,the illumination device 1230 can be separate from the image capturedevice 1240, while in other instances, the illumination device 1230 canbe collocated with and/or integral to the image capture device 1240. Insome instances, for example, in which the image capture device 1240includes an infrared sensor, the CAD 1200 may exclude an illuminationdevice 1230.

In some instances, the communication line 1220 can include one or moreoptical fibers. In such instances, light can be received at the imagecapture device 1240, transmitted via the optical fiber(s) of thecommunication line 1220, and converted outside the patient to anelectronic signal. In this manner, with the image processing takingplace entirely outside the patient during the TEE intubation, the imagecapture assembly 1245 can have a smaller form factor. In such instances,the illumination device 1230 can include one or more LEDs. Further, insome instances, the optical fiber can be disposed of after theprocedure, while other components of the CAD 1200 can sterilized andreused in subsequent procedures.

In some instances, one or both of the image capture device 1240 and theillumination device 1230 can be controlled remotely via thecommunication line 1220. For example, in such instances, the imagecapture device 1240 can receive via the communication line 1220 a signalincluding instructions to capture one or more images, and/or theillumination device 1230 can receive power and/or a signal toilluminate. In some instances, one or both of the image capture device1240 and the illumination device 1230 can receive power via thecommunication line 1220 from a power source external to patient. Inother instances, one or both of the image capture device 1240 and theillumination device 1230 can include a power source (e.g., a battery)configured to store power sufficient for operation of one or both of theimage capture device 1240 and the illumination device 1230.

In some instances, the image capture device 1240 can include a lensfilter (e.g., ultraviolet filter, infrared filter, etc.) (not shown). Animage filter can provide an operator of the CAD 1200 visual indicatorswithin the patient's digestive system. For example, in some instances,when moving the CAD 1200 within the patient, an operator may want toavoid certain weak portions (or portions otherwise particularlysusceptible to damage and/or trauma) of the digestive system (e.g.,esophagus). In such instances, a lens filter can provide visualindicators to the operator when a graphical representation of the imagedata is displayed.

To facilitate insertion of the CAD 1200 removably coupled to the TEEdevice 1100 into the patient and through the esophagus, and similarly,withdrawal of the CAD 1200 from the patient when the CAD 1200 isdetached from the TEE device 1100, the image capture assembly 1245 canbe configured to change between a first configuration, in which theimage capture assembly 1245 has a first cross-sectional area, to asecond configuration, in which the image capture assembly 1245 has asecond cross-sectional area smaller than the first cross-sectional area.In this manner, the image capture assembly 1245 can be disposed in itsfirst, larger configuration when the operator desires to view imagescaptured by the image capture device 1240, and the image captureassembly 1245 can be transitioned to its second, smaller configuration,when the operator desires to move the image capture assembly 1245through one or more relatively narrow portions of the patient (e.g.,narrow portions of the esophagus). For example, an operator cantransition the image capture assembly 1245 between configurations toavoid portions of the patient (e.g., the esophagus) that areparticularly susceptible to trauma.

The CAD 1200 can further include a retrieval tension member 1260 thatcan be operable to decouple the image capture assembly 1245 of the CAD1200 from the TEE imager head 1130. As shown, for example, in FIG. 1B, adistal end portion of the retrieval tension member 1250 can be coupledto the coupling member 1250 of the CAD 1200, and an opposite, proximalend portion of the retrieval tension member 1260 can be coupled to a CADhandle 1280. The CAD handle 1280 can include a holding device or memberthat can be used to hold and/or control the retrieval tension member1260 extending from the CAD handle 1280 during TEE intubation andremoval of the CAD 1200 from the patient. The holding device or membercan be configured to releasably attach to a proximal end portion of theTEE device 1100 (e.g., a proximal portion of the TEE body 1120).Further, in some instances, the CAD handle 1280 can include or becoupled to an actuator or the like that can be operable in releasing thecoupling member 1250 of the CAD 1200 from the TEE imager head 1130. Inthis manner, in use, for example, with the TEE device 1100 (and theimage capture assembly 1245 removably attached thereto) disposed withina target region of the esophagus, an operator can pull, actuate and/orotherwise manipulate the holding device or member, handle, actuator orthe like of the CAD handle 1280, and in turn, pull, actuate, and/orotherwise manipulate the retrieval tension member 1250 to release thecoupling member 1250 of the image capture assembly 1245 from the TEEimager head 1130 and withdraw the retrieval tension member through thedigestive system and out the patient, leaving the TEE device 1100disposed within the esophagus. In some instances, the CAD handle 1280can be used by the operator to manipulate movement of the retrievaltension member 1260 and/or the coupling member 1250, and/or to actuatethe coupling member 1250. In instances in which the image captureassembly 1245 is reconfigurable between configurations, as discussed infurther detail herein, the CAD handle 1280 can be used to transition theimage capture assembly 1245 between its configurations.

As shown in FIG. 2C, the image capture assembly 1245 of the CAD 1200 isconfigured to removably or releasably attach to the TEE imager head 1130via the coupling member 1250. The coupling member 1250 can be configuredto releasably attach to the TEE imager head 1130 in any suitable mannerand can include any suitable fastening feature (e.g., mount(s),notch(es), groove(s), indent(s), slot(s), shoulder(s), adhesive(s),latch(es), magnetic coupling(s), electromagnetic coupling(,) threadedcoupling(s), a friction fit, an interference fit, a snap-fit, and/or thelike).

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can include a concaveportion configured to receive and/or circumscribe at least in part aportion of the TEE imager head 1130. By receiving a portion of the TEEimager head 1130 in the concave portion of the coupling member 1250, thecombined cross-sectional area of the TEE imager head 1130 and the imagecapture assembly 1245 of the CAD 1200 can be desirably small whileproviding coupling retention forces sufficient to maintain couplingbetween the TEE imager head 1130 and the coupling member 1250 duringmovement of the TEE device 1100 and CAD device 1200 through thepatient's digestive system. The coupling member 1250 can be configuredto resist any suitable force. For example, in some instances, thecoupling member 1250 can be configured to resist forces up to about 10Newton (N). In such instances, the coupling member 1250 can beconfigured to release from the TEE imager head 1130 in response to aforce above about 10 N (e.g., 11 N). As another example, in someinstances, the coupling member 1250 can be configured to resist forcesup to about 15 N. In such instances, the coupling member 1250 can beconfigured to release from the TEE imager head 1130 in response to aforce above about 15 N (e.g., 16 N). In use, for example, an operatorcan apply a force (for example, via the tension member 1260) exceedingthe force at which the coupling member 1250 is configured to resist whenreleasably attached to the TEE imager head 1130 to decouple the couplingmember 1250 from the TEE imager head 1130. As discussed in more detailherein, the operator can apply the force at the CAD handle 1280.

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can include a magneticmechanism configured to releasably attach to the TEE imager head 1130 bymagnetic force. In use, with the coupling member 1250 releasablyattached to the TEE imager head 1130 by the magnetic mechanism, anoperator can apply a force (e.g., pull the retrieval tension member1260) sufficient to overcome the magnetic force of the magneticmechanism to release the coupling member 1250 from the TEE imager head1130.

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can include anelectromagnetic mechanism (e.g., one or more electromagnets) configuredto releasably attach to the TEE imager head 1130 by electromagneticforce when energized. In such instances, the electromagnetic mechanismcan be energized (e.g., receive an electric current) via thecommunication line 1220 by an energy source configured to be locatedoutside the patient during the TEE intubation. The electromagneticmechanism of the coupling member 1250, when energized, can produce amagnetic field sufficient to releasably attach to the TEE imager head1130. In this manner, in use for example, the electromagnetic mechanismcan be energized and releasably attached to the TEE imager head 1130prior to inserting the TEE device 1100 into the patient. With the TEEdevice disposed in a target region (e.g., the esophagus) within thepatient, the electromagnetic mechanism can be deenergized to release thecoupling member 1250 from the TEE imager head 1100. An operator cancontrol the electric current sent to the coupling member 1250. Forexample, in some instances, the energy source can be located at and/orcontrolled at the CAD handle 1280. In other instances, the energy sourcecan be located and/or controlled at a control device (not shown)separate from the CAD handle 1280 of the CAD 1200.

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can include a mechanicallatch configured to releasably attach to the TEE imager head 1130 whenthe mechanical latch is disposed in its engaged configuration. Themechanical latch can be configured to transition to a disengagedposition to release the coupling member 1250 from the TEE imager head1130. The mechanical latch can be controlled remotely by the operator.For example, the mechanical latch can be operably coupled to the CADhandle 1280 via the retrieval tension member 1260. In this manner, theCAD handle 1280 can be operable to cause the mechanical latch totransition between its engaged and disengaged configurations.

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can be formed such that itcan be deformed (compressed and/or expanded) and, when released, returnto its original (undeformed) shape. To achieve this, the coupling member1250 can include or be formed from materials, such as metals orplastics, for example, that have shape memory properties. For example,in some instances, the coupling member can include or be formed fromNitinol®. In such instances, the Nitinol® can be treated (e.g., heatedto a martensitic temperature, and then quenched) such that it canreadily revert to its memory shape at a calibrated temperature. Withsuch properties, the coupling member 1250, when heated (and expanded)can be disposed about the TEE imager head 1130, and then allowed tocool. When cooled, the coupling member 1250 can be sufficientlyreleasably coupled to the TEE imager head for insertion into andmovement through the esophagus of the patient. With the TEE imager headdisposed in a target region within the esophagus, heat can be conveyedto the coupling member 1250 to expand and thereby release the couplingmember 1250 from the TEE imager head 1130. With the coupling member 1250released from the TEE imager head, the image capture assembly 1245 canbe withdrawn from the patient, leaving the TEE device 1100 disposedwithin the patient (e.g., within the target region of the esophagus).

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can include and/or define asleeve configured to circumscribe at least in part the TEE imager head1130. The sleeve can include any suitable release mechanism. Forexample, in some instances, the sleeve can include a threaded seam. Inthis manner, a portion of the thread can be configured to extend fromthe coupling member 1250 when the coupling member 1250 is disposedwithin, for example, the target region of the esophagus, through theesophagus and out the mouth of the patient such that an operator canpull or otherwise manipulate the thread to open the threaded seam. Insome instances, the thread can be coupled to the retrieval tensionmember 1260, and the retrieval tension member 1260 can be pulled and/orotherwise manipulated to pull the thread a distance sufficient to openthe threaded seam. With the threaded seam opened, the sleeve of thecoupling member 1250 is allowed to release from the TEE imager head1130. With the coupling member 1250 released from the TEE imager head1130, the image capture assembly 1245 can be withdrawn from the patient,leaving the TEE device 1100 disposed within the patient (e.g., withinthe target region of the esophagus).

In yet further instances, in addition to or instead of the threadedseam, the sleeve of the coupling member 1250 can include a slidingmechanical fastener, such as a zipper. In such instances, the couplingmember 1250 can be releasably coupled to the TEE imager head 1130 bysliding the sleeve about the TEE imager head 1130 and sliding orotherwise manipulating a slider of the zipper to transition the zipperto its engaged configuration. The slider of the sleeve can be operablycoupled to the distal end portion of the retrieval tension member 1260.In use, for example, with the sleeve of the coupling member 1250disposed about the TEE imager head, the zipper engaged, and the TEEimager head 1130 disposed in a target region with the patient, anoperator can pull or otherwise manipulate the retrieval tension member1260 (and/or the CAD handle 1280) to slide the slider a distancesufficient to release the sleeve from the TEE imager head 1130. With thesleeve disengaged from the TEE imager head 1130, the image captureassembly 1245 can be withdrawn from the patient, as described in moredetail herein.

In some instances, the coupling member 1250 can be configured to notobstruct an imaging array of the TEE device 1100 when the couplingmember 1250 is coupled to the TEE imager head 1130. In this manner, thecoupling member 1250 can be configured to not compromise image data tobe captured by the TEE device 1100. In other instances, for example, thecoupling member 1250 can include an imaging window defined such that theimaging window does not obstruct the imaging array of the TEE device1100 when the coupling member 1250 is coupled to the TEE imager head1130. In yet further instances, for example, a portion of the couplingmember 1250 can be transparent to energy (e.g., ultrasound) transmittedfrom and received by the imaging array to allow the energy to passthrough the portion of the coupling member 1250 when the coupling member1250 is releasably attached to the TEE imager head 1130. In this manner,the coupling member 1250 can be coupled to the TEE imager head 1130without interfering with imaging operations of the TEE imager head 1130.

In some embodiments, for example, in which a coupling member isconfigured to be coupled to a TEE imager head without interfering withimaging operations of the TEE imager head, in use, the coupling membercan remain coupled to the TEE imager head throughout the intubationprocedure, including during removal of the TEE probe from the patient.In such instances, the image capture device can provide image datacaptured within the patient's digestive system during insertion of theTEE probe, and/or during removal of the TEE probe, with the imagecapture device attached to the TEE imager head.

In some instances, the image capture assembly 1245, or any portionsthereof (e.g., the illumination device 12340, the image capture device1240, the coupling member 1250), can be monolithically constructed,while in other instances, one or more of the portions of the imagecapture assembly 1245 can be formed separately and then joined together.Further, the image capture assembly 1245, or any portions thereof, caninclude one or more seals configured to withstand bodily fluid. Forexample, in some instances, it is important to seal the electronics ofthe image capture assembly 1245 (e.g., the image capture device 1240 andthe illumination device 1230) from any potentially compromising bodilyfluids (e.g., bodily fluids of the esophagus and/or the stomach of thepatient). In this manner, the electronic components can be protectedfrom such fluids.

During retrieval and removal of the CAD 1200 from the digestive systemof the patient, it is desirable to limit and/or prevent excessivecontact with the esophagus (e.g., trauma to the wall of the esophagus,esophageal and/or pharyngeal perforation) and associated anatomy by theCAD 1200. Said another way, with the coupling member 1250 decoupled fromthe TEE imager head, it is desirable to control and/or define at leastin part a removal profile of the CAD 1200 from patient. To that end, theCAD 1200 can include a tension coupler 1270, as shown for example inFIGS. 2B and 2C, configured to slidably engage with the TEE body 1120 ofthe TEE device 1100. With the tension coupler 1270 slidably coupled toand/or engaged with the TEE body 1120, and with the TEE device 1100 andthe CAD 1200 disposed in the esophagus and the coupling member 1250 ofthe CAD 1200 released from the TEE imager head 1130, the retrievaltension member 1260 can be controlled and/or retained close to the TEEbody 1120 as the retrieval tension member 1260 is withdrawn proximallythrough the esophagus and out the mouth of the patient. In this manner,the CAD 1200 can be withdrawn through the esophagus in a controlledmanner to limit and/or avoid undesirable contact with surroundinganatomy. Said another way, the tension coupler 1270 can define at leastin part a removal profile of the CAD 1200 through the digestive systemof the patient.

The tension coupler 1270 can include any suitable mechanism configuredto slidably engage with the TEE body 1120 to control and/or define theremoval profile of the CAD 1200 from the TEE device 1100 and thepatient. For example, in some instances, the tension coupler 1270 caninclude one or more rings and/or straps configured to wrap around orotherwise be disposed about the TEE body 1120. In such instances, forexample, as an operator pulls or otherwise manipulates the CAD handle1280 and/or the retrieval tension member 1260 to withdraw the CAD 1200from the patient, a distance between the retrieval tension member 1260and the TEE body 1120 is defined and/or limited by a size (e.g., adiameter or perimeter) of the rings and/or straps.

In some instances, the tension coupler 1270 can include a magneticmechanism configured to releasably attach to the TEE body 1120 bymagnetic force. For example, the tension coupler 1270 can include one ormore electromagnets configured to releasably attach to the TEE body byelectromagnetic force when the one or more electromagnets are energized.Similar to the discussion with respect to the coupling member 1250having an electromagnetic mechanism, the electromagnets of the tensioncoupler 1270 can be deenergized to release the tension coupler 1270 (andin turn at least a portion of the retrieval tension member 1260) fromthe TEE body 1120.

As described above, the image data captured by the image capture device1240 can be conveyed to the graphical display device 1210 of the CAD1200 via the communication line 1220, e.g., during TEE intubation. Insome instances, the graphical display device 1210 can be the same deviceat which image data captured by the TEE device 1100 is displayed. Inthis manner, an operator can view both image data captured by the TEEdevice 1100 and the image capture device 1240 at a single graphicaldisplay device 1210. In other instances, the image data captured by theimage capture device 1240 and the image data captured by the TEE device1100 can be displayed at separate graphical display devices. Forexample, in such instances, the image data captured by the image capturedevice 1240 can be displayed at the graphical display device 1210, andthe image data captured by the TEE device 1100 can be displayed at anechocardiography machine distinct and/or separate from the graphicaldisplay device 1210. In some instances, the graphical display device1210 can be wearable by the operator. For example, in such instances,the graphical display device 1210 can include an eyepiece in which anoperator can view in real-time (e.g., during the TEE intubation) theimage data captured by the image capture device 1240 of the CAD 1200.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method of using a cameraassist device (CAD) to assist an intubation procedure using atransesophageal echocardiography endoscopic (TEE) device, according toan embodiment. The method 100 includes releasably attaching an imagecapture assembly (the image capture assembly 1245 of the CAD 1200, orany other image capture assembly described herein) to a distal portionof a TEE device, at 102.

With the TEE device coupled to the image capture assembly, the method100 further includes inserting, after the releasably attaching, the TEEdevice coupled to the image capture assembly into an oral cavity of apatient, at 104. The method 100 further includes viewing, after thereleasably attaching, a display of image data (e.g., a graphicalrepresentation) of an esophagus of the patient captured by the imagecapture assembly, at 106. The method 100 further includes moving, whileviewing the display of image data, the TEE device coupled to the imagecapture assembly within the esophagus, at 108. In this manner, anoperator can visualize insertion of TEE device into the patient toavoid, for example, undesirable perforations of tissue therein. Themethod 100 further includes detaching, with both the TEE device and theimage capture assembly disposed within the esophagus of the patient, theimage capture assembly from the TEE device (e.g., the TEE imager head ofthe device), at 110. The method 100 further includes removing, after thedetaching the image capture assembly from the TEE device, via theesophagus, and with the TEE device disposed at least in part within theesophagus, the image capture assembly from the patient, at 112.

FIGS. 4-13 illustrate an embodiment of a CAD 2200 that can be used toassist intubation of a TEE probe (also referred to herein as “TEEdevice”). As shown schematically in side view in FIG. 4, the CAD 2200 isremovably attached to the TEE probe 2100. The TEE probe 2100 includes aTEE body 2120 having a TEE imager head 2130 coupled to its distal endand a TEE controller (not shown) coupled to its, opposite, proximal end.The TEE imager head 2130 includes an imaging array 2132 configured tocapture image data of, for example, a heart of the patient. For example,with the imager head 2130 disposed within the esophagus of a patient,the imager head 2130 can be configured to transmit ultrasound waves tothe heart and receive waves deflecting and/or rebounding therefrom. Animage processor (not shown) can transform the image data (e.g.,ultrasound waves) and transmit the transformed data to a visual display(not shown) outside the patient. In this manner, with the TEE imagerhead 2130 disposed within the patient (e.g., within the esophagus of thepatient), an operator (e.g., a cardiologist) can view from outside thepatient a graphical representation of the heart and surrounding anatomyinside the patient.

To facilitate such insertion of the TEE imager head 2130, the CAD 2200can be removably coupled to the TEE imager head 2130 (as shown by FIG.4) prior to and during the insertion into and passage through theesophagus of the patient to provide the operator with real-time imagesof the passageway and surrounding anatomy. With access to such real-timeimages, the operator can limit or avoid undesirable and/or inadvertentcontact with the esophagus and/or associated anatomy, thereby limitingand/or preventing complications, and in extreme circumstances,mortality. Additionally, with such access to real-time images, theoperator can easily and repeatedly locate various regions of interestwithin the esophagus in which to dispose the TEE imager head 2130 forimaging of the heart and other anatomy. After assistance from the CAD2200 in moving the TEE imager head 2130 in the esophagus to a targetregion of the esophagus (e.g., a region in which the TEE imager head2130 can send signals to and receive signals from target anatomy, suchas the heart), the CAD 2200 can be decoupled and/or removed from the TEEimager head 2130. With the CAD 2200 decoupled from the TEE imager head2130, the CAD 2200 can be withdrawn proximally through the esophagus 24,oral cavity 22, and out the mouth 21 of the patient, leaving the TEEimager head 2130 disposed within the target region of the esophagus 24.

In this embodiment, the CAD 2200 includes an image capture device 2240configured to capture image data within a digestive system of a patient,and a coupling member 2250 configured to releasably attach to the TEEimager head 2130 of the TEE device 2100 (the image capture device 2240and the coupling member 2250 collectively referred to herein as “imagecapture assembly 2245”). FIGS. 8A-8F illustrate various detailed viewsof the image capture assembly 2245. As discussed in further detailherein, the image capture device 2240 can be configured to send theimage data it captures across a communication line 2220 extending fromthe image capture device 2240 to a graphical display device 2210. Thegraphical display device 2210 can be configured to display a graphicalrepresentation of the image data, thereby providing an operator of theTEE device 2100 with visual access in real-time to various portionswithin the digestive system of the patient.

The image capture device 2240 includes a sensor 2242 and a lens 2244,and is configured to transmit image data captured within the patient tothe graphical display device 2210 disposed outside the patient via thecommunication line 2220, as shown in FIG. 5. As shown, the lens 2244 isdisposed at a distal end portion of the image capture assembly 2245. Inthis manner, the image capture device 2240 can capture image dataimmediately distal to and/or immediately downstream of the image captureassembly 2245. FIG. 7 shows the cross-sectional view identified as B-Bin FIG. 5 of the image capture device 2240. As shown in FIG. 7, theimage capture device 2240 defines an aperture 2246 through in which thelens 2244 is disposed, and the lens defines a pathway through which thesensor 2242 can communicate with a target area to capture image data.Also as shown, the image capture device defines an illumination aperture2232 through which the illumination device 2230 can communicate toilluminate at least a portion of the target area.

In some instances, the image capture device 2240 can include an imageprocessor (not shown) configured to process the image data such that theimage data can be graphically displayed on the graphical display device2210. In other instances, for example, to allow for a smaller formfactor of the image capture device 2240, processing of the image datacan occur entirely outside the patient and distinct from the imagecapture device 2240. In such instances, the image data can be processed,for example, at an image processor of the graphical display device 2210.In yet further instances, the image data can be processed at an imageprocessor separate from both the graphical display device 2210 and theimage capture device 2240, and the sent to the graphical display device2210 to be displayed. In some instances, the image capture device 2240can include wireless capabilities. For example, in such instances, theimage capture device 2240 can communicate wirelessly with an imageprocessor and/or the graphical display device 2210. In this manner,image data can be transmitted from the image capture device 2240 whendisposed within the patient to outside the patient without any physicalwires.

In some instances, the image capture device 2240 can be controlledremotely via the communication line 2220. For example, in suchinstances, the image capture device 1240 can receive via thecommunication line 2220 a signal including instructions to capture oneor more images. In some instances, the image capture device 2240 canreceive power via the communication line 2220 from a power sourceexternal to patient. In other instances, the image capture device 2240can include a power source (e.g., a battery) configured to store powersufficient for operation of the image capture device 2240. As shown bestby FIG. 8F in cross-sectional side view, the image capture assembly 2245defines a communication lumen 2225 through which the electronics of theimage capture device 2240 can communicate with the communication line2220.

In some instances, the image capture device 2240 can include a lensfilter (e.g., ultraviolet filter, infrared filter, etc.) (not shown). Animage filter can provide an operator of the CAD 2200 visual indicatorswithin the patient's digestive system. For example, in some instances,when moving the CAD 2200 within the patient, an operator may want toavoid certain weak portions (or portions otherwise particularlysusceptible to damage and/or trauma) of the digestive system (e.g.,esophagus). In such instances, a lens filter can provide visualindicators to the operator when a graphical representation of the imagedata is displayed.

The CAD 2200 further includes a retrieval tension member 2260 that isoperable to decouple the image capture assembly 2245 of the CAD 2200from the TEE imager head 2230. As shown, a distal end portion of theretrieval tension member 2250 is coupled to the coupling member 2250 ofthe CAD 2200, and an opposite, proximal end portion of the retrievaltension member 2260 can be coupled to a CAD handle 2280. FIG. 6 showsthe cross-sectional view identified as A-A in FIG. 5 of the retrievaltension member 2260. As shown in FIG. 6, the retrieval tension member2260 defines multiple tension member lumens through which thecommunication line 2220 is routed. In this embodiment, the retrievaltension member 2260 defines three tension member lumens, i.e., 2262A,2262B, and 2262C, however, in alternative embodiments, the retrievaltension member 2260 can define any suitable number of lumens. In thisembodiment, for example, the communication line 2220 can include animage data wire, a power wire, and an illumination wire, each of whichcan be routed through one of the tension member lumens 2262A, 2262B,2262C. In embodiments in which a retrieval tension member includes oneor more electromagnetic tension couplers, the communication line caninclude one or more electromagnetic actuation wires that can be routedthrough one or more of the tension member lumens 2262A, 2262B, 2262C.

As shown in FIG. 5, a portion (e.g., an image data wire) of thecommunication line 2220 can be routed through a communication lumen 2285of the CAD handle 2280 and communicatively coupled to the graphicaldisplay device 2210. Further, a portion (e.g., a power wire, anillumination wire, etc.) of the communication line 2220 can be routedthrough communication lumen 2285 of the CAD handle 2280 andcommunicatively coupled to a CAD controller 2290. The CAD controller2290 is operable (e.g., by an operator) to control the electroniccomponents of the CAD 2200. For example, a user can manipulate the CADcontroller 2290 to instruct the image capture device 2240 to capture oneor more images. As another example, the CAD controller 2290 is operableto send power to the image capture device 2240 and/or the illuminationdevice 2230. In alternative embodiments in which the retrieval tensionmember 2260 includes electromagnetic tension couplers, the CADcontroller can be operable to energize and/or deenergize theelectromagnetic tension couplers.

The CAD handle 2280 is removably coupled to a proximal portion of theTEE body 2120, and can be used to hold and/or control the retrievaltension member 2260 extending from the CAD controller 2280 during TEEintubation and removal of the CAD 2200 from the patient. In someinstances, for example, in use, the CAD handle 2280 can be removablycoupled to the TEE device 2100 (as shown in FIG. 4) during TEEintubation and until the operator is ready to withdraw the CAD 2200 fromthe patient. In this manner, undesirable slack in the retrieval tensionmember 2260 and/or in the communication line 2220 can be limited and/oravoided. Said another way, with the coupling member 2250 removablycoupled to the TEE imager head 2130, the CAD handle 2280 can be pulledsuch that the retrieval tension member 2260 is substantially taught.With the retrieval tension member 2260 substantially taught, the CADhandle 2280 can be removably coupled to the proximal portion of the TEEbody 2120, as shown in FIG. 4.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the communication line 2220 is routedthrough a lumen of the retrieval tension member 2260. In this manner,the communication line 2220 extending from the image capture assembly2245 to the CAD handle 2280 can be shielded or otherwise protected bythe retrieval tension member 2260. Although not shown, the CAD handle2280 can include an aperture through which the communication line 2220can be routed. From the CAD handle 2280, the communication line 2220 canbe routed to any suitable device (e.g., an image processor, thegraphical display device 2210, a power source, etc.).

As shown, the image capture assembly 2245 of the CAD 2200 is configuredto removably attach to the TEE imager head 2130 via the coupling member2250. The coupling member 2250 includes a concave portion configured toreceive and/or circumscribe at least in part a portion of the TEE imagerhead 2130. By receiving a portion of the TEE imager head 2130 in theconcave portion of the coupling member 2250, the combinedcross-sectional area of the TEE imager head 2130 and the image captureassembly 2245 of the CAD 2200 can be desirably small while providingcoupling retention forces sufficient to maintain coupling between theTEE imager head 2130 and the coupling member 2250 during movement of theTEE device 2100 and CAD device 2200 through the patient's digestivesystem. In this embodiment, the coupling member 2250 is configured toreleasably attach to the TEE imager head 2130 by an interference fit. Inthis manner, with the coupling member 2250 releasably attached to theTEE imager head 2130, the coupling member 1250, due to the interferencefit, is configured to resist release from the TEE imager 2130 inresponse to forces falling short of a threshold force. As such, thecoupling member 2250 can be configured to remain attached to the TEEimager head 2130 during insertion into and movement through the patient.For example, from insertion through the mouth through the larynx and tothe esophagus of a patient, in some instances, the coupling member 2250may experience its greatest forces as it moves through the larynx, asthe larynx often includes the smallest diameter lumen and sharpest turnin TEE intubation procedures (e.g., in a normally functioning digestivetract). With such design considerations, the coupling member 2250 can beconfigured to withstand such forces without undesirably releasing fromthe TEE imager head 2230.

Further, in response to forces exceeding the threshold force, thecoupling member 2250 can be configured to release from the TEE imagerhead 2230. For example, in use, a user can pull, withdraw, or otherwisemanipulate the CAD handle 2280 to apply a longitudinal proximal force(via the retrieval tension member 2260) to the coupling member 2250exceeding the threshold force, thereby causing the coupling member 2250to decouple from the TEE imager head 2130. In some instances, thecoupling member 2250 can be configured resist a threshold force up toabout 10 N. In other instances, the coupling member 2250 can beconfigured to resist a threshold force up to about 15 N.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the coupling member 2250 is configured toreleasably attach to the TEE imager head 2230 without obstructing theimaging array 2132 of the TEE device 2100. In this manner, the TEEdevice 2100 and the CAD 2200 can capture image data simultaneously whenthe coupling member 2250 is releasably attached to the TEE imager head2130.

As described with respect to other embodiments herein, the image datacaptured by the image capture device 2240 can be conveyed to thegraphical display device 2210 of the CAD 2200 via the communication line2220, e.g., in real-time during TEE intubation. In some instances, thegraphical display device 2210 can be the same device at which image datacaptured by the TEE device 2100 is displayed. In this manner, anoperator can view both image data captured by the TEE device 2100 andthe image capture device 2240 at a single graphical display device. Inother instances, the image data captured by the image capture device2240 and the image data captured by the TEE device 2100 can be displayedat separate graphical display devices. For example, in such instances,the image data captured by the image capture device 2240 can bedisplayed at a first graphical display device (e.g., the graphicaldisplay device 2210), and the image data captured by the TEE device 2100can be displayed at a second graphical display device (e.g., anechocardiography machine) distinct and/or separate from the firstgraphical display device. In some instances, the first and/or secondgraphical display device can be wearable by the operator. For example,in such instances, the first and/or second graphical display device caninclude an eyepiece in which an operator can view in real-time (e.g.,during the TEE intubation) the image data captured by the image capturedevice 2240 of the CAD 2200 and/or the image data captured by the TEEimager head 2130 of the TEE device 2100.

In use, to assist intubation of the TEE probe 2100, the image captureassembly 2245 of the CAD 2200 is removably attached to the TEE imagerhead 2130 of the TEE device 2100, and inserted with the TEE imager head2130 into the mouth 21 of the patient, as shown in FIG. 10. As describedin further detail herein, the image capture device 2240 of the imagecapture assembly 2245 is configured to capture and send image data inreal-time (i.e., during the intubation procedure) to the graphicaldisplay device 2210 disposed outside the patient. With access to agraphical illustration of such image data, and with the image captureassembly 2245 inserted through the mouth 22, the operator can move (inthe direction illustrated by arrow A) the TEE imager head 2130 and theimage capture assembly 2245 toward and through the oral cavity 22 of thepatient. Further, while viewing a real-time graphical representation ofthe patient's anatomy surrounding and/or downstream of the image captureassembly 2250 and the TEE imager head 2230, the operator can move theTEE imager head 2130 distally towards and into the esophagus 24 of thepatient until the TEE imager head 2130 reaches a target region (asevidenced by the graphical representation of the image data captured bythe image capture device 2240), as shown in FIG. 11. Although not shownin FIG. 11, the operator can move the TEE imager head 2130 furtherdistally and dispose the TEE imager head 2130 in the patient's stomach25.

With the TEE imager head 2130 located within the target region of theesophagus, the operator can decouple the CAD handle 2280 from the TEEbody 2220, and pull the CAD handle 2280 proximally to release thecoupling member 2250 from the TEE device 2100, as described in furtherdetail above. As shown in FIG. 12, with the coupling member 2250released from the TEE device 2100, the operator can further pull the CADhandle 2280 proximally (in the direction illustrated by arrow B) suchthat the retrieval tension member 2260 and the image capture assembly2245 are withdrawn proximally through the esophagus 24 of the patient,leaving the TEE imager head 2130 disposed within the target region ofthe esophagus 24, as shown in FIG. 12. As shown in FIG. 13, the operatorcan further pull the CAD handle 1280 proximally to remove the CAD 2200entirely from the patient.

FIGS. 14-19 illustrate an embodiment of a CAD 3200 that can be used toassist intubation of a TEE probe (also referred to herein as “TEEdevice”). The CAD 3200 can be constructed and function similar to any ofthe CADs described herein, e.g., the CAD 1200, the CAD 2200, etc.).Thus, some details regarding the CAD 3200 are not described below. Itshould be understood that for features and functions not specificallydiscussed, those features and functions can be the same as or similar toany of the CADs described herein.

As shown in FIG. 14, the CAD 3200 includes an image capture assembly3245 configured to be removably coupled to a TEE imager head 3130 of aTEE device 3100. Similar to previous embodiments, the image captureassembly 3245 includes an illumination device 3230, an image capturedevice 3240 having a lens 3244, and a coupling member 3250. As shown,the image capture assembly 3245 is disposed about the TEE imager head3130 such that the lens 3244 is aligned with the distal end of the TEEimager head 3130. In this manner, the image capture device 3240 cancapture image data immediately distal and/or adjacent to the distal endof the TEE imager head 3130. In alternative embodiments, an imagecapture assembly can be disposed about a TEE imager head such that alens of the image capture assembly is aligned distal to the distal endof the TEE imager head. In this embodiment, the coupling member 3250defines a sleeve configured to entirely circumscribe a portion of theTEE imager head 3130, as shown in FIG. 14.

In some instances, the sleeve of the coupling member 3250 can beconfigured to not obstruct an imaging array (not shown) of the TEEdevice 3100 when the coupling member 3250 is coupled to the TEE imagerhead 3130, as shown in FIG. 14. In this manner, the coupling member 3250can be configured to not compromise image data to be captured by the TEEdevice 3100. In other instances, for example, the sleeve of the couplingmember 3250 can define an imaging window such that the imaging windowdoes not obstruct the imaging array of the TEE device 3100 when thecoupling member 3250 is coupled to the TEE imager head 3130. In thismanner, the TEE imager head 3130 can capture image data conveyed throughthe imaging window of the coupling member 3250 when the coupling member3250 is releasably attached to the TEE imager head 3130. In yet furtherinstances, for example, a portion of the coupling member 1250 can betransparent to energy (e.g., ultrasound) transmitted from and receivedby the imaging array to allow the energy to pass through the portion ofthe coupling member 1250 when the coupling member 1250 is releasablyattached to the TEE imager head 1130.

With the coupling member 3250 releasably attached to the TEE imager head3130, the coupling member 3250 can provide a friction fit with the TEEimager head 3130 such that the coupling member 3250 can resistlongitudinal movement relative to the TEE imager head 3120 in responseto a force below a threshold force, similarly as described with respectto previous embodiments. For example, the coupling member 3250 can beconfigured to remain releasably attached to the TEE imager head 3130during insertion into and movement through the patient. For example,from insertion through the mouth through the larynx and to the esophagusof the patient, in some instances, the coupling member 3250 mayexperience its greatest forces as it moves through the larynx, as thelarynx often includes the smallest diameter lumen and sharpest turn insuch TEE intubation procedures (e.g., in a normally functioningdigestive tract). With such design considerations, the coupling member3250 can be configured to withstand such forces without undesirablyreleasing from the TEE imager head 3230.

Further, in response to a force (e.g., a longitudinal force in theproximal direction) exceeding the threshold force, the coupling member3250 can be configured to release from the TEE imager head 3230. Forexample, in use, a user can pull, withdraw, or otherwise manipulate theCAD handle 3280 to apply a longitudinal proximal force (via theretrieval tension member 3260) to the coupling member 3250 exceeding thethreshold force, thereby causing the sleeve of the coupling member 3250to overcome the frictional forces between the sleeve and the TEE imagerhead 3130 such that the coupling member slides proximally relative tothe TEE imager head 3130. In some instances, the coupling member 3250can be configured to resist a threshold force up to about 10 N. In otherinstances, the coupling member 3250 can be configured to resist athreshold force up to about 15 N.

In some instances, the sleeve of the coupling member 3250 can be formedof a flexible material. In such instances, when decoupling the couplingmember 3250 from the TEE imager head 3130 (e.g., causing the couplingmember 3250 to slide proximally about and relative to the TEE imagerhead 3130), the sleeve can radially expand about the TEE imager head3130 in response to the longitudinal proximal force applied by theretrieval tension member 3260. As the sleeve radially expands, thelongitudinal proximal forces to overcome the friction fit decrease.

In some instances, the sleeve of the coupling member 3250 can allow fora softer and thinner material to be used, thereby reducing potentialcomplications due to contact with, for example, the esophagus of thepatient. For example, with the sleeve configured to circumscribe andslide about and/or along the TEE device 3100, the sleeve can be formedof soft and relatively thin material.

In use, to assist intubation of the TEE probe 3100, the image captureassembly 3245 of the CAD 3200 is removably attached to the TEE imagerhead 3130 of the TEE device 3100, and inserted with the TEE imager head3130 into the mouth 21 of the patient, as shown in FIG. 16. As describedwith respect to previous embodiments, the image capture device 3240 ofthe image capture assembly 3245 is configured to capture and send imagedata in real-time (i.e., during the intubation procedure) to thegraphical display device 3210 disposed outside the patient. With accessto a graphical illustration of such image data, and with the imagecapture assembly 3245 inserted through the mouth 22, the operator canmove (in the direction illustrated by arrow A) the TEE imager head 3130and the image capture assembly 3245 toward and through the oral cavity22 of the patient. Further, while viewing a real-time graphicalrepresentation of the patient's anatomy surrounding and/or downstream ofthe image capture assembly 3250 and the TEE imager head 3230, theoperator can move the TEE imager head 3130 distally towards and into theesophagus 24 of the patient until the TEE imager head 3130 reaches atarget region (as evidenced by the graphical representation of the imagedata captured by the image capture device 3240), as shown in FIG. 17.

With the TEE imager head 3130 located within the target region of theesophagus, the operator can decouple the CAD handle 3280 from the TEEbody 3220, and pull the CAD handle 3280 proximally to slidably releasethe coupling member 3250 from the TEE device 3100, as described infurther detail above. As shown in FIG. 18, with the coupling member 3250slidably released from the TEE device 3100, the operator can furtherpull the CAD handle 3280 proximally (in the direction illustrated byarrow B) such that the retrieval tension member 3260 and the imagecapture assembly 3245 are withdrawn proximally through the esophagus 24of the patient, leaving the TEE imager head 3130 disposed within thetarget region of the esophagus 24, as shown in FIG. 18. Morespecifically, as shown, the operator can pull the CAD handle 3280proximally such that the image capture assembly 3245 slides proximallyabout and along the TEE body 3120 of the TEE device 3100 through theesophagus 24 of the patient. As shown in FIG. 19, the operator canfurther pull the CAD handle 3280 proximally to slide the image captureassembly 3245 along the TEE body 3120 and out the mouth 21 of thepatient. Further as shown in FIG. 19, with the image capture assembly3250 removed from the patient, the coupling member 3250 can be detachedcompletely (e.g., cut) from the TEE body 3120 (and in turn the TEEdevice 3100).

FIG. 20 illustrates an embodiment of a CAD 4200 that can be used toassist intubation of a TEE probe (also referred to herein as “TEEdevice”). The CAD 4200 can be constructed and function similar to any ofthe CADs described herein, e.g., the CAD 1200, the CAD 2200, the CAD3200, etc.). Thus, some details regarding the CAD 4200 are not describedbelow. It should be understood that for features and functions notspecifically discussed, those features and functions can be the same asor similar to any of the CADs described herein.

As described with respect to previous embodiments, during retrieval andremoval of a CAD from the digestive system of the patient, it isdesirable to limit and/or prevent excessive contact with the esophagus(e.g., trauma to the wall of the esophagus, esophageal and/or pharyngealperformation) and associated anatomy by the CAD. Said another way, withthe coupling member decoupled from the TEE imager head, it is desirableto control and/or define at least in part a removal profile of the CADfrom patient. To that end, in this embodiment, the CAD 4200 includesincludes multiple tension couplers 4270, configured to slidably engagewith the TEE body (not shown) of the TEE device (not shown). With thetension coupler 4270 slidably coupled to and/or engaged with the TEEbody, and with the TEE device and the CAD 4200 disposed in the esophagusand the coupling member 4250 of the CAD 4200 released from the TEEimager head, the retrieval tension member 4260 can be controlled and/orretained close to the TEE body as the retrieval tension member 4260 iswithdrawn proximally through the esophagus and out the mouth of thepatient. In this manner, the CAD 4200 can be withdrawn through theesophagus in a controlled manner to limit and/or avoid undesirablecontact with surrounding anatomy. Said another way, the tension coupler4270 can define at least in part a removal profile of the CAD 4200through the digestive system of the patient.

In this embodiment, each of the tension couplers 4270 includes amagnetic mechanism configured to releasably attach to the TEE body bymagnetic force, or to couple the opposite ends of each tension coupler4270 to each other. In some instances, the magnetic mechanism caninclude permanent magnets, while in other instances, the magneticmechanism can include an electromagnetic mechanism. In some instances,the tension couplers 4270 can include a combination of permanent magnetsand electromagnetic mechanisms. In either case, for example, as anoperator pulls or otherwise manipulates the CAD handle 4280 and/or theretrieval tension member 4260 to withdraw the CAD 4200 from the patient,a distance between the retrieval tension member 4260 and the TEE body isdefined and/or limited by the length of each tension coupler 427, withthe ends held together by one or both of the permanent magnet or theelectromagnetic mechanism when energized. In instances in which thetension coupler 4270 includes an electromagnetic mechanism, theelectromagnetic mechanism can be controlled (i.e., energized and/ordeenergized) from the CAD controller 4290 to release the tension coupler4270 (and in turn at least a portion of the retrieval tension member4260) from the TEE body.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example only, and notlimitation. Where methods described above indicate certain eventsoccurring in certain order, the ordering of certain events may bemodified. Additionally, certain of the events may be performedconcurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performedsequentially as described above.

Where schematics and/or embodiments described above indicate certaincomponents arranged in certain orientations or positions, thearrangement of components may be modified. While the embodiments havebeen particularly shown and described, it will be understood thatvarious changes in form and details may be made. Any portion of theapparatus and/or methods described herein may be combined in anycombination, except mutually exclusive combinations. The embodimentsdescribed herein can include various combinations and/orsub-combinations of the functions, components and/or features of thedifferent embodiments described.

1-16. (canceled)
 17. An apparatus, comprising: an image capture deviceconfigured to be removably coupled to an imager head of atransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) ultrasound probe device, andinserted into an esophagus of a patient when removably coupled to theimager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device; and a retrieval tensionmember coupled to and extending from the image capture device andconfigured to extend from the image capture device through the esophagusand out the patient when (1) the image capture device is removablycoupled to the TEE ultrasound probe device, and (2) the TEE ultrasoundprobe device is disposed within a target imaging location of theesophagus in which the TEE ultrasound probe device can captureultrasound images of the heart of the patient, the image capture deviceconfigured to be longitudinally withdrawn relative to the imager head ofthe TEE ultrasound probe device in response to a proximal force appliedby the retrieval tension member.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, whereinthe image capture device is communicatively coupled to an image dataprocessing device configured to process image data captured by the imagecapture device when the image capture device is disposed within theesophagus, the image processing device being located outside the patientwhen both the image capture device and TEE ultrasound probe device aredisposed within the target imaging location of the esophagus.
 19. Theapparatus of claim 18, further comprising a communication line, theimage capture device being communicatively coupled to the image dataprocessing device via the communication line.
 20. The apparatus of claim17, wherein a portion of the image capture device is configured to betransparent to energy transmitted from and received by an imaging arrayof the TEE ultrasound probe device to allow the energy to pass throughthe portion of the image capture device when the image capture device isremovably coupled to the imager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device.21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the image capture device includesa seal configured to withstand bodily fluid of at least one of theesophagus or a stomach of the patient.
 22. The apparatus of claim 17,wherein the retrieval tension member defines a lumen therethrough, theapparatus further comprising a communication line extending from theimage capture device through the lumen of the retrieval tension memberto outside the patient when both the image capture device and the TEEultrasound probe device are disposed within the target imaging locationof the esophagus.
 23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the proximalforce is less than about 15 Newtons.
 24. The apparatus of claim 17,wherein the retrieval tension member is configured such that an exteriorsurface of the retrieval tension member extends from the image capturedevice, at least partially abutting an exterior surface of the TEEultrasound probe device, and through the esophagus and out the patientwhen (1) the image capture device is removably coupled to the TEEultrasound probe device, and (2) the TEE ultrasound probe device isdisposed within a target imaging location of the esophagus in which theTEE ultrasound probe device can capture ultrasound images of the heartof the patient.
 25. An apparatus, comprising: an image capture deviceconfigured to be removably coupled to an imager head of atransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) ultrasound probe device via acoupling member, and inserted into an esophagus of a patient whenremovably coupled to the imager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device,the image capture device including a distal-facing camera lensconfigured to capture image data within the esophagus and distal to theimager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device when removably coupled tothe imager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device; the coupling memberconfigured to releasably attach the image capture device to the imagerhead of the TEE ultrasound probe device, the coupling member configuredto detach from the imager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device toallow longitudinal relative movement between the imager head of the TEEultrasound probe device and the image capture device; and a retrievaltension member coupled to the image capture device and configured toextend from the image capture device through the esophagus and out thepatient when (1) the image capture device is removably coupled to theTEE ultrasound probe device via the coupling member, and (2) the TEEultrasound probe device is disposed within a target imaging location ofthe esophagus in which the TEE ultrasound probe device can captureultrasound images of the heart of the patient.
 26. The apparatus ofclaim 25, wherein the image capture device is communicatively coupled toan image data processing device configured to process image datacaptured by the image capture device when the image capture device isdisposed within the esophagus, the image processing device being locatedoutside the patient when both the image capture device and TEEultrasound probe device are disposed within the target imaging locationof the esophagus.
 27. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising acommunication line, the image capture device being communicativelycoupled to the image data processing device via the communication line.28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the image capture device includesa seal configured to withstand bodily fluid of at least one of theesophagus or a stomach of the patient.
 29. The apparatus of claim 25,wherein the retrieval tension member defines a lumen therethrough, theapparatus further comprising a communication line extending from theimage capture device through the lumen of the retrieval tension memberto outside the patient when both the image capture device and the TEEultrasound probe device are disposed within the target imaging locationof the esophagus.
 30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the retrievaltension member is configured such that a central axis of the retrievaltension member is offset from a central axis of the TEE probe devicewhen the image capture device is removably coupled to the TEE ultrasoundprobe device.
 31. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the coupling memberincludes a seam configured to allow longitudinal relative movementbetween the imager head and the image capture device.
 32. An apparatus,comprising: an image capture device configured to be removably coupledto an imager head of a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) ultrasoundprobe device via a coupling member, and inserted into an esophagus of apatient when removably coupled to the imager head of the TEE ultrasoundprobe device, the image capture device configured to capture image datawithin the esophagus and distal to the imager head of the TEE ultrasoundprobe device when removably coupled to the imager head of the TEEultrasound probe device and to transfer the image data via acommunication line from the image capture device to outside the patient;a retrieval tension member coupled to the image capture device, theretrieval tension member configured to extend from the image capturedevice through the esophagus and out the patient such that the retrievaltension member extends proximally from the image capture device andentirely external to an exterior surface of a body portion of the TEEultrasound probe device when (1) the image capture device is removablycoupled to the TEE ultrasound probe device via the coupling member, and(2) the TEE ultrasound probe device is disposed within a target imaginglocation of the esophagus in which the TEE ultrasound probe device cancapture ultrasound images of the heart of the patient to enable theultrasound images to be received outside of body.
 33. The apparatus ofclaim 32, wherein the coupling member is made from a flexible materialand configured to releasably attach the image capture device to theimager head of the TEE ultrasound probe device, the coupling memberconfigured to detach from the imager head of the TEE ultrasound probedevice in response to a proximal force applied by the retrieval tensionmember to allow longitudinal relative movement between the imager headof the TEE ultrasound probe device and the image capture device.
 34. Theapparatus of claim 32, wherein a proximal portion of the retrievaltension member is coupled to a handle, the handle being removablycouplable to the TEE ultrasound probe device outside the patient whenthe image capture device is removably coupled to the TEE ultrasoundprobe device via the coupling member, and the TEE ultrasound probedevice is disposed within the target imaging location of the esophagus.